RDGT-GAN: Robust Distribution Generalization of Transformers for COVID-19 Fake News Detection

Social media platforms have become a vital source of information during the outbreak of the pandemic (COVID-19). The phenomena of fake information or news spread through social media have become increasingly prevalent and a powerful tool for information proliferation. Detecting fake news is crucial for the betterment of society. Existing fake news detection models focus on increasing the performance which leads to overfitting and lag generalizability. Hence, these models require training for various datasets of the same domain with significant variations in the distribution. In our work, we have addressed this overfitting issue by designing a robust distribution generalization of transformers-based generative adversarial network (RDGT-GAN) architecture, which can generalize the model for COVID-19 fake news datasets with different distributions without retraining. Based on our experimental findings, it is evident that the proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in terms of performance.

Transmission Dynamics and Control of COVID-19: A Mathematical Modelling Study

We look at the SQIRP mathematical model for new coronavirus transmission in Bangladesh and India in this study. The basic reproduction number of the SQIRP system is designed using the next cohort matrix process. The SQIRP system has asymptotically stable locally at an infection-free equilibrium point when the basic reproduction number is not more than unity and unsteady when the value is greater than unity. The SQIRP system is found to go through a backward bifurcation, which is a novel perspective for Coronavirus infection transmission. The infection-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are shown to be asymptotically stable globally using the Lyapunov function hypothesis and the invariance principle of Lasalle. A SQIRP system with backward bifurcation is explored using stochastic analysis. The ecological stochasticity in the appearance of white noise best describes the system's value. To verify the results, more numerical simulations are run © 2023 L&H Scientific Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved

Delay dynamics of pandemic disease COVID-19 with compartmental mathematical modeling

In this paper, we propose a compartmental epidemic model which consists of four divisions named as non-quarantined susceptible population (Sn), quarantined susceptible population (Sq), infected population (I), and recovered or immune population (R) to analyze the dynamics of pandemic disease COVID19 introducing a time delay. We analytically calculate the basic reproduction number of the model to classify epidemic case and endemic case of the pandemic. In order to understand the dynamics of Novel Coronavirus under a time delay, we perform the stability analysis and a Hopfbifurcation analysis of the proposed model as well. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the analytical findingsthat reflect a real scenario of the transmission of COVID-19. © CSP - Cambridge, UK;I&S - Florida, USA, 2023

The Present and Future Prospectives of Pharmacovigilance

Pharmacovigilance assumes a significant part in the medical care framework through checking and connection of medications and there impacts in the human body. The number of Unfavorable Medication Responses (ADRs) detailed and to comprehend the pharmacovigilance, an elevated degree of mastery is expected to quickly identify drug gambles too as to shield the item against an improper evacuation. The ongoing worldwide organization of pharmacovigilance focuses, composed by the Uppsala Observing Center, would be fortified by a free arrangement of survey. Prescriptions wellbeing checking is a nonstop and dynamic interaction all through every one of the periods of the life pattern of a medication. In the field of medication wellbeing and guideline, various difficulties must be looked in the close future. Above all else, Coronavirus pandemic featured how applicable pharmacovigilance and appropriate risk correspondence during general wellbeing crisis are. Systems including AI methods and the accessibility of enormous measure of electronic medical care information offer an open door for streamlining drug benefit-risk profile assessment in genuine world setting. At last, creative therapeutics, like high level treatment restorative items, computerized therapeutics, antibodies created in light of trend setting innovations, requiring exceptional pharmacovigilance checking have been progressively showcased as of late, frequently upon sped up pathway endorsement. A portion of the difficulties and future open doors in this field are momentaril y talked about beneath. Regulatory authorities, ethics committees, and pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical businesses are now mandated to be interested in drug safety monitoring. ADRs account for 10% or more of hospitalizations in several nations. Additionally, 10-20% of hospital inpatients are thought to experience ADRs. The only truly effective means of ensuring the public's health is through appropriate and efficient ADR monitoring, or pharmacovigilance. The goal and methodology of pharmacovigilance were outlined in this article along overview of how it is currently practiced in India, its difficulties, and its prospects for the future. The principal objective of pharmacovigilance is subsequently to advance the protected and viable utilization of wellbeing items, specifically by giving ideal data about the security of wellbeing items to patients, medical services experts, and people in general. Pharmacovigilance is hence an action adding to the assurance of patients and keeping up with general wellbeing.Copyright © 2023, Global Research Online. All rights reserved.

Indian consensus statements on irritable bowel syndrome in adults: A guideline by the Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association and jointly supported by the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

The Indian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association (INMA), earlier named the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association developed this evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A modified Delphi process was used to develop this consensus containing 28 statements, which were concerning diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and comorbidities, investigations, lifestyle modifications and treatments. Owing to the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, lockdowns and mobility restrictions, web-based meetings and electronic voting were the major tools used to develop this consensus. A statement was regarded as accepted when the sum of "completely accepted" and "accepted with minor reservation" voted responses were 80% or higher. Finally, the consensus was achieved on all 28 statements. The consensus team members are of the view that this work may find use in teaching, patient care, and research on IBS in India and other nations.

The Effect of COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place Orders on Pediatric Craniofacial Trauma.

Objectives: To investigate the impacts of the shelter-in-place orders on the injury patterns among children with craniofacial trauma. Materials and Methods: Pediatric (<18 years old) craniofacial trauma cases presenting to a regional level I trauma center 1 year before and after the initiation of Washington's shelter-in-place order were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and injury-related variables were recorded, and bivariate and logistic regression analyses were computed. Results: One hundred nineteen children were evaluated over 2-year period (46 pre- and 73 post-shelter-in-place and were comparable in age, gender, and ethnicity (p ≥ 0.17)). The distribution of injury mechanisms between pre- and post-shelter-in-place were significantly different (p = 0.02), with the largest proportional increase in falls (10.5%) and had higher rates of associated brain injury (p ≤ 0.02). After adjusting for effect modifiers and confounders, children presenting during the post-shelter-in-place period were more likely to have associated brain injuries (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-10.6, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Among pediatric craniofacial injury cases, the shelter-in-place order was associated with a higher likelihood of brain injury and significant changes in injury mechanisms, with a higher proportion of falls.

Data from a survey on the impact of the pandemic on early-stage academics

We would like to share data from a survey run by the Young Academy of Europe (YAE) from June to October 2020, with questions aiming to unravel the situation of early-career researchers (including early stage group leaders) working in Europe, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We were particularly interested in the impact of care activities (related to young children or other family members), and the impact of gender. We include the online survey and collected data, without identifying information. The survey is published in Nature Career Column (July, 2021) ( https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01952-6). © 2021 Swider-Cios E et al.

Analysis of Fuzzy Dynamics of SEIR COVID-19 Disease Model

The objective of this article is to build an SEIR epidemic system for episode COVID-19 (novel crown) with fuzzy numbers. Mathematical models might assist with investigating the transmission elements, forecast and control of Covid-19. The fuzziness in the infection rate, increased death owing to COVID-19, and recovery rate from COVID-19 were all deemed fuzzy sets, and their member functions were used as fuzzy parameters in the SEIR system. The age lattice technique is used in the SEIR system to calculate the fuzzy basic reproduction number and the system’s stability at infection-free and endemic equilibrium points. Computer simulations are provided to comprehend the subtleties of the proposed SEIR COVID-19 model. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

INASNET: Automatic identification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on chest X-ray using deep neural network.

Testing is one of the important methodologies used by various countries in order to fight against COVID-19 infection. The infection is considered as one of the deadliest ones although the mortality rate is not very high. COVID-19 infection is being caused by SARS-CoV2 which is termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. To prevent the community, transfer among the masses, testing plays an important role. Efficient and quicker testing techniques helps in identification of infected person which makes it easier for to isolate the patient. Deep learning methods have proved their presence and effectiveness in medical image analysis and in the identification of some of the diseases like pneumonia. Authors have been proposed a deep learning mechanism and system to identify the COVID-19 infected patient on analyzing the X-ray images. Symptoms in the COVID-19 infection is well similar to the symptoms occurring in the influenza and pneumonia. The proposed model Inception Nasnet (INASNET) is being able to separate out and classify the X-ray images in the corresponding normal, COVID-19 infected or pneumonia infected classes. This testing method will be a boom for the doctors and for the state as it is a way cheaper method as compared to the other testing kits used by the healthcare workers for the diagnosis of the disease. Continuous analysis by convolutional neural network and regular evaluation will result in better accuracy and helps in eliminating the false-negative results. INASNET is based on the combined platform of InceptionNet and Neural network architecture search which will result in having higher and faster predictions. Regular testing, faster results, economically viable testing using X-ray images will help the front line workers to make a win over COVID-19.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air in Indian hospitals and houses of COVID-19 patients.

To understand the transmission characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through air, samples from different locations occupied by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients were analyzed. Three sampling strategies were used to understand the presence of virus in the air in different environmental conditions. In the first strategy, which involved hospital settings, air samples were collected from several areas of hospitals like COVID-intensive-care units (ICUs), nurse-stations, COVID-wards, corridors, non-COVID-wards, personal protective equipment (PPE) doffing areas, COVID rooms, out-patient (OP) corridors, mortuary, COVID casualty areas, non-COVID ICUs and doctors' rooms. Out of the 80 air samples collected from 6 hospitals from two Indian cities- Hyderabad and Mohali, 30 samples showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. In the second sampling strategy, that involved indoor settings, one or more COVID-19 patients were asked to spend a short duration of time in a closed room. Out of 17 samples, 5 samples, including 4 samples collected after the departure of three symptomatic patients from the room, showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. In the third strategy, involving indoor settings, air samples were collected from rooms of houses of home-quarantined COVID-19 patients and it was observed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in the air in the rooms occupied by COVID-19 patients but not in the other rooms of the houses. Taken together, we observed that the air around COVID-19 patients frequently showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in both hospital and indoor residential settings and the positivity rate was higher when 2 or more COVID-19 patients occupied the room. In hospitals, SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in ICUs as well as in non-ICUs, suggesting that the viral shedding happened irrespective of the severity of the infection. This study provides evidence for the viability of SARS-CoV-2 and its long-range transport through the air. Thus, airborne transmission could be a major mode of transmission for SARS-CoV-2 and appropriate precautions need to be followed to prevent the spread of infection through the air.

The Importance of Data Accuracy and Transparency for Policymaking during a Public Health Crisis: A Case Study in the State of Iowa

Background. High-quality data are necessary for decision-making during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lack of transparency and accuracy in data reporting can erode public confidence, mislead policymakers, and endanger safety. Two major data errors in Iowa impacted critical state- and county-level decision-making. Methods. The Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) publishes daily COVID-19 data. Authors independently tracked daily data from IDPH and other publicly available sources (i.e., county health departments, news media, and social networks). Data include: number and type of tests, results, hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and deaths at state/county levels. Results. Discrepancies were identified between IDPH and non-IDPH data, with at least two confirmed by IDPH: (1) The backdating of test results identified on May 28, 2020. IDPH labeled results as occurring up to four months before the actual test date. IDPH confirmed that if a person previously tested for SARS-CoV-2, a new test result was attributed to the initial test's date. Corrections on August 19, 2020 increased positivity rates in 31 counties, but decreased the state's overall rate (9.1% to 7.5%). (2) The selective exclusion of antigen test results noted on August 20, 2020. Antigen testing was included in the total number of tests reported in metric denominators, but their results were being excluded from their respective numerators. Thus, positive antigen results were interpreted as de facto negative tests, artificially lowering positivity rates. Corrections increased Iowa's positivity rate (5.0% to 14.2%). In July 2020, the Iowa Department of Education mandated in-person K-12 learning for counties with < 15% positivity. These data changes occurred during critical decision-making, altering return-to-learn plans in seven counties. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services' requirements also caused nursing homes to urgently revise testing strategies. Timeline of changes to Iowa state COVID-19 testing through the end of August 2020. Change in positive and overall test results due to IDPH data corrections. These graphs represent the difference in cumulative total reported test results when pulled from the IDPH website on September 29, 2020 compared to data for the same dates when pulled on August 19, 2020 before the announced adjustment. The adjustment and subsequent daily changes in reported data amount to a dramatic change in the number of reported positive cases (A) with an increase of nearly 3,000 cases by April 25, as well as the loss of tens of thousands of data points when tracking total resulted tests (B). Conclusion. Data availability, quality, and transparency vary widely across the US, hindering science-based policymaking. Independent audit and curations of data can contribute to better public health policies. We urge all states to increase the availability and transparency of public health data.

Molecular docking studies on COVID-19 and antibacterial evaluation of newly synthesized 4-(methoxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazolean analogues derived from (E)-1-phenyl-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one

A series of novel quinolone-based 4-(methoxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The compounds <bold>(IXa-</bold><bold>l</bold><bold>)</bold> were screened in vitro antibacterial activity against five gram-positive and five gram-negative bacterial strains, viz. M. Tuberculosis, M. Luteus, MRSA, B. Subtilis, B. Cereus, P. Aerginosa, K. Pneumonia, E. Coli, P. Vulgaris and S. Typhi, used and compared with standard gentamycin. The combination of the pharmacologically active moieties in a single scaffold results in their synergistic effect and high antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains. COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the globe since its first identification in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19 Mpro) has become a major health problem causing severe acute respiratory illness in humans. The causative virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and the World Health Organization named the new epidemic disease Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Also, docking studies demonstrated that all derivatives exhibit a good theoretical affinity with Autodock 4.2 software score in between − 9.89 and − 13.4 kCal/mol against the main protease of COVID‐19 Mpro that caused worldwide epidemics. We believe that newly synthesized quinolone-based 4-(methoxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazole derivatives can guide many future studies in organic synthesis, medicine and pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A promising drug delivery: Intranasal drug delivery system

Pneumonic medication conveyance has acquired gigantic logical interest as of late and has advanced inside the setting of treatment for lung infections. Lung is an appealing climate for bio particles, which are exceptionally presented to enzymatic debasement in the gastrointestinal parcel just as hepatic corruption. Pneumonic course is a non-intrusive organization for fundamental conveyance of restorative specialists (mostly peptides and proteins). Lungs give an enormous absorptive surface zone however very meager (0.1 μm- 0.2 μm) absorptive mucosal layer and great blood supply. Intra tracheal organization is a first methodology in lung drug conveyance in vivo. In inward breath treatment most regular gadgets utilized were nebulizer, Metered dose inhaler (MDI), Dry powder inhaler (DPI) and direct haler aspiratory gadgets. Pneumonic medication conveyance is utilized for the board of COPD and Asthma. From Last couple of year’s procedures and new medication conveyance gadgets are acquainted with convey drugs into the lungs have been generally evolved. Pneumonic medication conveyance can likewise be utilized to treat Diabetes, angina pectoris, disease, bone problems, tuberculosis, headache intense lung injury and others. Liposomes, nano and miniature particles, cyclodextrins, miniature emulsions, micelles, suspensions, or arrangements are altogether instances of the drug transporters that have been effectively used to target drugs into lungs. This audit talks about the methodologies and gadgets needed to be direct medication into the lungs.

Impact of globalization on ergodic behaviour of pandemic diseases outbreaks

Since the rise of human civilisation, mankind is severely exposed to many pandemics like the recent life-threatening COVID-19, a mutated coronavirus that shares a novel character in the same screenplay. The technological edge and improved living standards of the different population all around the globe is a protective shield against any pathogenic invasion. However, the achievements in globalization can be a double-edged sword. Aftermath, all wavy-epidemics are likely to remain on the planet as random outbreaks, unless counter vaccines are discovered. The H1N1 caused by the influenza virus, outbreaks of 1918- USA, 1976-USA, 1988-USA, 2007-Philippines, 2009-USA, 2015-India, 2016-Pakistan and 2018-India are reasonable explanation to this argument, where in the outbreaks of 1918 and 2009 ended-up as pandemic as well. The article analyses the ergodic behaviour of the pandemic and progresses with the necessary condition to avoid this ergodic character attached to the pandemic in a globalization perspective. A case study has been conducted to highlight the global impact of the pandemic, as per the present medical support available. The study addresses the globalization factor to reduce the non-ergodic time ratio, in terms of benefits.

O16.4 Impact of Defunding Family Planning Health Centers on Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Cases in Iowa: A Longitudinal Spatiotemporal Analysis of 2000–2018

BackgroundFamily planning health centers (FPHCs) provide low-income individuals in rural areas with essential primary care services, including STD prevention, testing, and treatment. Fifteen states have defunded FPHCs, causing thousands to be left without such services. This has accelerated in the COVID-19 era. We used a longitudinal analysis to examine the impact of FPHC closures in Iowa on gonorrhea and chlamydia incidence at the county level.MethodsIn 2017, Iowa defunded FPHCs, resulting in four clinic closures. This analysis uses Poisson regression for rates on gonorrhea and chlamydia incidence data from 2000–2018 to investigate if clinic closures were associated with reported gonorrhea and chlamydia cases. Newey-West standard errors are used to adjust for any time-related trends in STI incidence. Given the mid-year policy change, all data from 2017 was removed before running the Poisson regression model.ResultsWe examined 34,479 gonorrhea and 169,660 chlamydia cases. Iowans had 1.99 (95% CI: 1.67, 2.37) times the rate of gonorrhea after clinic closures compared to before closures. In 2018, people in counties with clinic closures were 1.71 (95% CI: 1.01,2.90) times more likely to be diagnosed with gonorrhea than residents in the counties without closures. Iowans had 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.07) times the rate of chlamydia after clinic closures compared to before closures. People in counties with closures were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.69) times more likely to have chlamydia in 2018 as compared to those in counties without closures.ConclusionsDespite the fact that many STI diagnoses are made and reported by FPHCs, our data shows that reported gonorrhea and chlamydia cases increased in the year following clinic closures. This is consistent with delayed diagnoses and missed opportunities for providing essential STI services to vulnerable and under-served rural residents. Legislative action is urgently needed to ensure essential STI services for all.

Impact of defunding family planning health centers on gonorrhea and chlamydia cases in Iowa: A spatiotemporal analysis

Background. Fifteen states have defunded family planning health centers (FPHCs), causing thousands to be left without health services. This has accelerated in the COVID-19 era. FPHCs provide low-income individuals in rural areas with essential primary care services, including sexually transmitted infection prevention, testing, and treatment. The purpose of this analysis is to use spatiotemporal methods to examine the impact of FPHC closures in Iowa on the reported number of gonorrhea and chlamydia cases at the county level. Methods. This analysis investigates the association between FPHC closures and changes in the number of gonorrhea and chlamydia cases between 2016 and 2018. Iowa implemented defunding policies for family planning clinics, resulting in four FPHC closures in June 2017. 2016 pre-closure STI incidence rates were compared to 2018 post-closure rates. Gonorrhea and chlamydia rates in the four Iowa counties with clinic closures were compared to the 95 Iowa counties without closures. T tests were used to compare changes in reported gonorrhea and chlamydia rates in the two settings. Linear regression modeling was used to determine the relationship between clinic closures and changes in gonorrhea and chlamydia cases. Results. The gonorrhea burden in Iowa increased from 83 cases per 100,000 people in 2016 to 153.8 cases per 100,000 people in 2018. The four counties with clinic closures experienced a significantly larger increase (absolute 217 cases per 100,000 population) in their gonorrhea rate compared to counties without FPHC closures (absolute 121 cases per 100,000 population). There was also a significant relationship between clinic closures and increasing gonorrhea rates (p = 0.0015). Over the three-year period, there was no change in chlamydia rates (p = 0.1182). However, there was a trend towards counties with more FPHC closures having a higher number of chlamydia cases (p = 0.057). Conclusion. Despite the fact that many STI diagnoses are made and reported by FPHCs, our data suggest that clinic closures may have contributed to an increase in gonorrhea and chlamydia cases. This is consistent with delayed diagnoses and missed opportunities for providing essential STI services to vulnerable and under-served rural residents. Legislative action is urgently needed to curtail this trend.